Telemachus And Penelope Essays - Greek Mythology, Phemius, Penelope

Telemachus And Penelope The disagreement between Telemachus and Penelope arises from differing opinions on the entertainment of Phemius. Phemius is singing the tale of the Greek warriors of Troy and their homecomings when Penelope descends from her chambers to protest this choice of music. She scolds him, and orders him to stop because he has reminded her of Odysseus, who's long lost at sea. Telemachus rebukes his mother by protesting that the bard has the right to sing anything he wishes. He then sends his mother off to her chambers, declaring that he is the master of the house. This clash between Penelope and Telemachus was caused by both. Penelope's fault was that she did not stop to consider Telemachus' feelings on the subject. She is so engrossed in her own pain for her lost love that she is blind to the problems of her son. She does not see his insecurities on his past and especially his future, or his lack of confidence in himself. Most of all, she is ignorant to his inner struggle between love and hate for Odysseus. She does not realize his need to learn of his legacy, she only sees her grief and her pain. . She is very detached from the world, and focuses on her grief and pain. Because she is so preoccupied with her own problems, she has neglected her duties as a mother. She, in her distress, has pushed her son away from her. This disagreement over Phemius only shows the deep chasm that has come between them. As for Telemachus, he makes the same mistakes as his mother in that he refuses to see her side of the issue. He, too, is deeply engrossed in his problems that he does not see the deep extent of his mother's pain. Him ordering her to leave is a sign that he believes her feelings to be almost inconsequential compared to his. His eagerness to learn of Odysseus' great deeds seems to overshadow the sadness his mother feels. The tales of the Trojan War are the only way in which he can come to know his father, who he does not remember, since Penelope obviously avoids the topic entirely. He needs to know his legacy. Most importantly, he is searching for a way to justify his father's absence, and to justify why he has left Ithaca in such a state of disorder. However, his quest for his legacy was not the only reason he had for defending Phemius. It was also caused by his resentment towards his mother for having known his father and not telling him about him. He feels that his mother has prevented him from gaining an understanding of his heritage. This disagreement over Phemius was a window to the anger that Telemachus had towards his mother for not familiarizing him with the legacy of his father. Another reason Telemachus was so quick to rebuke Penelope was his deep desire to exert his power and his dominance, his rightful dominance over the household. By ordering his mother to leave the hall, he is showing to the suitors that it is he, not his mother, who has more power. When he declares that he is master of the house, partially caused by the newfound courage distilled in him by Athena, he is introducing a new him. This was his opportunity to establish his position above the suitors and prepare for his announcement that he will go search for his father. This disagreement allowed Telemachus to step into the limelight, and express himself as a force to be reckoned with.

Banning of Human Cloning in the United States and Internationally Essays

Banning of Human Cloning in the United States and Internationally Essays Banning of Human Cloning in the United States and Internationally Paper Banning of Human Cloning in the United States and Internationally Paper The banning of human cloning in both the United States and other countries has become a main topic of concern since the development of Dolly, the first cloned sheep. Issues of morality and personal beliefs conflict, causing many discussions to become irrational and non-objective while other issues arise that cross borders such as religion, science, and social concerns that effect the moral and ethical aspects of the world. We have no long-term effects for it at this time nor a large number of case studies. The field of human body parts and scientific technology has already led to conflicts over adult and embryonic stem cell research, along with human and animal cloning. . The final decision regarding the banning of human cloning, and whether the cloning is beneficial to humanity or not, will not be an easy one. In â€Å"Human Cloning† by author Rob Weekes and â€Å"Mohler Argues Human Cloning Should Be Banned† by Michael Foust, both authors present two excellent views regarding human banning in their articles, stating both the pro and con side while attempting to be objective in the sense that we, as the reader, can understand better what it is we want. Robert Weeks states that there are more than one reason for human cloning therapeutic, DNA, and reproductive cloning – which all needs to be fully understood before making any type of decision or judgment call. The thing to remember is that by allowing human cloning, many things will be effected, not just one. According to author Rob Weekes and his pro views, those who are against cloning feel it is unsafe and intervening in God’s plan for humanity. The â€Å"creation of a new and wholly unnatural process of asexual reproduction† is the act of playing God by our scientists, whose reproductive cloning does very little good for the family core which is already in trouble. The argument he makes with the most impact is when he refers to the fact the unborn children will not have a normal family life, with only one parent to care for it, or two parents of the same sex. The facts have been recognized that parents who are childless will eventually utilize this technology to get a child. And while this may be true, cloning will also be used for other reasons other than reproductive cloning. The life of the embryo will be started in a cold and unfeeling laboratory which will be hard to deal with – especially when the child’s most memorable thoughts and feelings will occur during these early moments. Which is why Michael Foust in his article states that human cloning is â€Å"inherently wrong, has no ethical basis and should be banned by Congress†. With a 98% failure rate in animals, he feels that human cloning is considered unethical as human experiments, while stating that there will be a complete breakdown of medical ethics and human personhood if it goes on. The fact many countries destroy the embryoes after 10 days of life is even worse, with no thought of the lives involved in the destruction. This view is parallel by the Catholic church, having made it very clear that they consider cloning is morally wrong also. A supporter of the human cloning, John Greeny in his article, â€Å"In Support of the Argument for Human Cloning,† feels that human cloning is acceptable and is important for the scientific work, that needs to use the cloning to study ourself with for many reasons. The article states that nothing has been done to humanity to harm them through this practice of cloning. In Bob Weeke’s article he also sides with Greenery in his pro side. His top of the list shows that cloning is no different than any other medical technology of today. He states that many other countries are practicing embryonic studies and human cloning without any problems, feeling that the â€Å"spare† embryos could be used to do human research.  ¬ In his article, several panelists mentioned that they had an issue with the reproduction cloning, yet would accepted the therapeutic cloning. Mohler told the panelists that one or the other would be accepted. With human cloning possibly being banned in the future – we as intellectuals now may lose the ability, through technical growth and science, to contribute through direct intervention for diseases and unknown fields of science. Yet, science and technology have never been able to successfully study the other side of the picture God and the natural process of evolution that is still an unknown factor in the total picture not being able to disprove or prove it. And because of this, human cloning should not be able to run rampant in the world as part of a scientific factory for perfect babies, in a world that can so easily throw away what is not politically correct or needed. 1 Foust, Michael. [2001]. â€Å"Moler, on TV panel, argues human cloning should be banned. † BP News. [Online]. Available at World Wide Web: bpnews. net/bpnews. asp? ID=10667 2 The Human Cloning Foundation: John Greeney. . â€Å"In Support of the Argument for Human Cloning. † Available at World Wide Web: humancloning. org/essays/john3. htm 3 Weeks, Rob. [2000]. â€Å"Human Cloning†, Debate Topics and Debate Motions. Available at World Wide Web: idebate. org/debatabase/topic_details. php? topicID=26

The advantages and disadvantages of robots Essay - 1

The advantages and disadvantages of robots - Essay Example In simple terms robots can be defined as a mechanical device that may resemble sometimes a human and is capable of performing several tasks or often complex human tasks which may be programmed in advance or perform on command. The following report includes the discussion about the advantages of robots in this innovative and technological world. The report also includes the description of the disadvantages of robots. Finally a conclusion has been drawn in the report related to the research done. There are several advantages of robots, as they are machines which can perform several tasks and actions which humans cannot do. Robots can work 24/7 without any need of salary and food, and they can also perform tasks with accuracy and consistency. Robots are advantageous because they can perform tasks faster than humans along with more accuracy and consistency. Robots can be used in doing several tasks like in production, household etc. using robots in the industrial sector have several advantages as they can help in improving the quality of products and also will reduce the wastage or breakages. Robots can be very advantages in business terms as they can increase the level of production and can also decrease the cost per unit of production as compared to human labour (Gray, 88). This is because they have the ability to work constantly without any breaks, vacation, and sleep and also has a potential to be more productive than any human worker. Robots also has the advantages of work place safety, as the workers are moved to the supervisory role and the humans don’t have to perform dangerous actions in several hazardous settings. Robots may also lead to savings as higher workers safety also leads to savings. This also leads to lower level of concerns for the workers insurances by employers. Robots also perform each and every task faster than any human which helps in saving of time. Robots measurements and actions are more

Karl Marx - Capital Ch 7 Ch 9 Sec 1 Ch 10 Sec 1 Essay

Karl Marx - Capital Ch 7 Ch 9 Sec 1 Ch 10 Sec 1 - Essay Example Yet the legions of workers who once provided labor commodity with their hands (sweat equity, in other words), the spindle operators, for instance, to whom Marx refers in Chapter 7, have been supplanted by a technological revolution that has made the computer a tool nearly as utilitarian and ubiquitous as the spindle once was. In the modern economy, technology transforms the very nature of labor and the way in which that labor produces wealth. In the â€Å"Information Age† economy, the laborer’s work product is intrinsically intellectual, a work type rooted in the cogitative rather than the muscular. It places a premium on communication, since computer-based labor is informational, allowing communication to take place in the blink of an eye, and requiring the laborer to locate, extrapolate and respond to Name 2 unprecedented amounts of information each day. Decision-making, even among a company’s lowest strata, becomes a necessary and desirable skill, a thing unhe ard of among submissive 19th century laborers held in thrall by exploitative capitalists. In tracing the process involved in producing yarn, Marx outlines a chain of events that assesses the worth of the raw material needed to make yarn, the spindle used to produce it and the labor expended to manufacture it.

Patient Education Handout on Schizophrenia Essay

Patient Education Handout on Schizophrenia - Essay Example Those with paranoid schizophrenia often have delusions or hallucinations and may become suspicious and hostile without any reason. The undifferentiated category includes those who manifest a combination of all these symptoms. Residual category refers to patients who have a previous history of the disease but currently do not manifest any symptoms. The effects of the disease can have serious repercussions on the lives of the patients, ranging from the tendency to overindulge in alcohol or reason. Schizophrenics also tend to remain secluded, often in a depressed mood. As a result, they become unable to cope up with the daily routine and may neglect work or other social commitments. In extreme cases, they resort to suicide when the depression overrides their capability to bear with the problem. However, no matter how serious the problem may seem, there is definitely hope as the modern medical science offers ample treatment avenues and medication to combat the disease. Medicines such as Risperidone, Aripiprazole, Quetiapine, Olanzapine etc have been proven to be effective in the treatment of the disease. Thus, with the support of family and friends, along with timely treatment and regular medication, schizophrenia can be treated. Schizophrenia: Core Interventions in the Treatment and Management of Schizophrenia in Adults in Primary and Secondary Care (Updated Edition). (2010).  

Controllability Principle in Responsibility Accounting

Controllability Principle in Responsibility Accounting One underlying concept of the traditional management control system is the responsibility accounting. It is viewed as an important feature because it permits the ease of decentralization in M-form organizations. It distributes accountability and provides accounting reports on these distributed accountabilities. It provides a way for large unmanageable organizations to be managed such that all subsystems have similar goals. It can be defined as a system where managers are held responsible for activities under their leadership. Built on responsibility accounting is the principle of controllability. This principle has been viewed as the cornerstone of responsibility accounting (S. Modell and A. Lee, 2001). The principle states that managers should only be evaluated on elements that are within their control. Research literatures on responsibility accounting point to the fact that responsibility accounting and the controllability principle cannot be made independent of one another. The re lationship becomes obvious when both are looked at together; responsibility accounting holds the manager responsible for a particular division but the controllability principle ensures that the managers are held responsible only for factors that they can control. For this reason, Ferrara (1964) called responsibility accounting a communication system with the sole purpose of helping the organization achieve its goals. The controllability principle, therefore, serves to make this communication channel clearer and understandable. The role played by the controllability principle makes it an appealing notion. However, much research articles have argued for the observance of controllability principle as well as against its observance in responsibility accounting. This paper seeks to evaluate the arguments for and against the observance of the principle of controllability. Arguments For and Against the Observance of Controllability Principle Recent research concludes that there are two types of uncontrollable factors within the borders of controllability; internal uncontrollable and external uncontrollable factors. Studies also show that when it comes to controllability, managers consider responsibility accounting fair when the effects of internal uncontrollable factors on their performance is negated in appraisal. The concept of fairness was given in McNally G. (1980) as one of the rationales for observing the principle of controllability. He stated this using the expectancy theory of motivation. The notion of fairness makes the observance of controllability desirable when performance evaluations are carried out on the managers. The controllability principle makes the appraisal a fair one. This is as a result of the appraisal done in consideration of the controllable factors and uncontrollable factors. The result of the appraisal would be a satisfied and possibly motivated manager. Choudhury N. (1986) goes further to sa y that this conforms to the commonly held principle of justice. The equity theory of motivation also helps to explain it further the theory says a fair days work for a fair days pay. In the case of the manager and controllability, this would be a fair assessment for a fair periods work. Achieving organizational goals are very important for any firm and the means of doing that is through the managers of the decentralized firms but if the managers perception of the performance appraisal is unfair, he is demotivated and unsatisfied. He also loses focus and possibly direction. Going by McGregors Y theory of motivation, this could damage the managers perception of his work. He wants to work and put in his best but if his best is judged against things out of his control, this could lead him to learned helplessness or to leave the firm (Nandan C, 1986). For such an organization whose appraisal system is deemed to be unfair, they would have a high turnover rate. The implications of this are far reaching as harmful managerial behaviour might crop up. With fairness in place, observing the principle of controllability helps managers to pay attention to uncontrollable factors. The responsibility accounting holds them accountable for what goes on in their divisions; controllability principle makes the uncontrollable factors obvious. Managers will direct corrective efforts to these uncontrollable factors (McNally G., 1980). This in turn would help to influence the managers behaviour such that it aligns with organizational goals. The knowledge that his appraisal is a fair one would motivate him to try to exert some influence over these uncontrollable factors. If the influence pays off, then he is one step closer to achieving organizational goals. This also induces him/her to pay more attention to factors previously perceived as uncontrollable but now influenceable because of the effort he has applied (F. Giraud, P. Langevin and C. Mendoza, 2008). In the agency theory framework of management control where all information is used to appr aise the managers performance in line with the controllability principle, the appraisal report highlights the controllable and uncontrollable factors. Senior management can attach rewards to these seemingly uncontrollable factors to ensure that managers do their best to attain them without neglecting other duties necessary for the organizational goal attainment. S. Modell and A. Lee (2001) refer to the influence over seemingly uncontrollable factors when they noted that reliance on controllability principle helps to enhance managerial control of powerful institutional actors such as managers. The empirical study carried out by Frow N, Marginson D, and Odgen S. (2005) at Astoria PLC also points out the fact that factors that cannot be controlled can be influenced with some effort; they found out that the firm uses the AIP (Astoria Improvement Process) to reinforce influenceablity. They noted that the AIP helps the manager retain some form of control where they have only partial contr ollability but the AIP also imposes expectation on the managers. This would ensure that the managers make extra effort to influence these factors to meet the expectation laid up on them. Controllability principle helps to neutralize the effects of uncontrollable factors on a managers performance, thus giving a true picture of the managers efforts. This is another appealing notion of the controllability principle. It has been argued that the organization is a social system that grows in complexity like the biological systems. This complexity brings with it constant changes and in the organizational context, this would mean unforeseen changes that can have positive or negative effects on the efforts of the manager. One of such complexity is the competitive and economic elements. Both of these can affect the managers effort in a positive or negative way. An appropriate example is the financial crisis of 2007-2010 which has caused a downturn in stock prices. This in turn affects the profit and investment levels but the controllability principle neutralizes the effects of the financial crisis on the managers performance. Giraud et al (2008) noted that neutralization of un controllable factors can take two forms; ex-ante neutralization and ex-post neutralization, both of which have the same the same result, neutralizing the effects of uncontrollable factors on the performance of the managers. The Controllability principle provides a reliable assessment of the managers performance. When all uncontrollable factors have been neutralized, the assessment will be based on the efforts of the manager in improving the division under his control. Choudhury (1986) notes this when he says that the results of the division under the mangers control is a combination of the managers efforts and the uncontrollable factors. Separating managers effort from uncontrollable factors provides a better basis for assessment. In the principal agent framework, this would be a very necessary basis for rewards, the principal uses everything in his disposal to appraise the manager but when controllability principle removes the uncontrollable factors, the managers efforts are clearly seen. The rewards can then be based on the managers efforts at controlling the factors that he could to achieve organizational objectives. Ferrara (1964) argues that the controllability principle in responsibility accounting helps the organization to grow in that it helps to locate the errors and mistakes of the organizational members. He argues that errors and mistakes are the stuff of which progress is made . He also argues that controllability is a means of locating those activities and people in the organization in need of help so that assistance can be rendered and scarce resources of the organization would be more utilized. This would mean that controllability principle works in line with the organizational goals and where a positive attitude about it is inculcated in managers, the organization should move at the targeted pace. The responsibility accounting reports will make clear the controllable factors and the uncontrollable factors but amidst the controllable factors, a well prepared report will reveal where there might be problems. These problems can be considered and worked on or used as a base for future st rategic plans. When all errors and mistakes are corrected, they make room for improvement. In spite of these appealing advantages for controllability principle, there have been arguments against its observance in the responsibility accounting. Choudhury (1986) argues that controllability principle is not sacrosanct. Considering the size of big firms, a lot of factors hinder the practicality of the controllability principle. The interdependencies of the divisions within these firms create an unclear line with respect to divisional boundaries and places difficulty on the responsibility accounting process. One such factor is the task complexity of some divisions. If a particular manager works with another divisional manager to accomplish a difficult task, it becomes difficult to appraise the managers efforts because supposedly, the manager with the task had control over the particular task but performance appraisal with controllability principle makes this difficult. The manager had the task under his control but the other manager that helped had no control over the task but had ideas and participated in accomplishing the task. In this aspect Amey (1979) compares organizations to biological systems that grow in complexity. The complex growth makes controllability impossible. Observing the controllability principle in complex organizations is limiting on the innovativeness and the creativity of managers in the organizations. When managers are aware that they are being assessed on controllable factors, they would not be willing to take on risky ventures that have potential benefits for the organization. In their examination of the limitations of controllability principle, Antle and Demski (1988) conclude that the limitations of controllability on organizational growth can be modified through the information content notion. The limitation of the controllability principle is a hindrance on the positive results of team work. M-form organizations require team work to succeed, however, the observance of the controllability principle in the principal-agent framework breeds competition and this affect team work negatively thus a sales manager might have a good idea on how to achieve the tasks of the marketing manager but because he does not want the marketing man ager to do better that him in their performance appraisal, he would not assist or offer advice. Team work is therefore placed at the bottom of the list of useful organizational ethics. On the contrary where both managers would work together without neglecting their divisional duties, they could achieve desired results and if possible, meet their separate targets. The study carried out by Frow et al (2006) supports this fact; their findings revolve around accountability without controllability and the results also shows that the Astoria Plc. encouraged more co-operations because of organizational promotion of greater interdependencies. Another aspect where the observance of controllability principle is limiting is the area of performance evaluation. It limits the use of market measures in evaluating the managers performance. The use of market measures is one of the ways of evaluating senior management employees and the limiting effect of the controllability principle weakens the effe ctiveness of these measures (Merchant, 2006). The limitations of the controllability principle lead to rigidity in organizations. The controllability principle does not allow room for organizational flexibility. It limits the organization to growth based on only controllable factors. Modern day organizations are very dynamic and this constant change is not compatible with the concept of controllability. If controllability principle is been observed in an organization, the organization would not allow change such that it is flexible and easily adaptable to changes in its environment. Amey (1979) argued that businesses needed to maintain flexibility in internal arrangements such that adjustment would not be impeded and its links with its environment would grow stronger. Observing controllability principle in responsibility accounting involves some elements of subjectivity. This occurs when the basis for establishing controllable and uncontrollable factor are unclear. The performance evaluation team will have to set a criterion to use when carrying out an appraisal; this criterion would be based on what they think and probably not what they are aware of. In doing this, they become subjective in the appraisal. This would be perceived by the manager as unfair appraisal. He would view himself as being unfairly treated without consideration of factors contingent upon his performance. As a result of this perception of the performance appraisal, the manager could behave in a dysfunctional way. Such actions would be detrimental to the organizational goals. A manager who perceives an unfair system would also be demotivated. The findings of the research done by Giraud et al (2008) concluded that managers do not want uncontrollable external factors neutralized because of the level of subjectivity involved in it. Similarly, drawing from the study carried out by Modell and Lee (2001) institutional factors affect the controllability principle, in turn these factors affect the efficiency of the responsibility accounting system. The controllability principle is also expensive to maintain in an organization. I would argue that the process involved in ensuring the observance of responsibility principle is not cost efficient. The process would require constant research into the market forces so as to distinguish controllable factors from uncontrollable factors; where it is not possible to make such a distinction, the organization would have to incur more costs to ensure that the performance appraisal system is perceived as fair by its managers. The energies and costs that would be consumed by such a process would be effectively used in another part of the organization where it would be beneficial. Giraud et al (2008) also argues on the difficulty of evaluating uncontrollable factors, they specifically note the difficulty as regards the impact of economic recession. Thus, I would also argue that payment for the services of qualified experts on the distinction between controllable and uncontrollable factors for p erformance evaluation is an unnecessary cost to the organization. Research has also shown that observing the controllability principle leads to dysfunctional behaviour of managers. Hirst (1983) noted that reliance on performance measures that capture uncontrollable factors promote dysfunctional behaviour. This as a result of the managers perception of the performance evaluation system; he wants to avoid the effects of uncontrollable factors and he does that by engaging in activities that do not promote organizational objectives. Giraud et al (2008) mention such activities to include data manipulation, creating slack and developing an excuse culture. He narrows his focus to just the factors that he knows he would be appraised by and where he fails, his self-efficacy is reduced. Observing controllability principle in responsibility accounting can have consequences for organizational goals. It can lead to short termism on the part of manager. In narrowing their focus, managers focus on the components of the performance evaluation system and not on the organizational goals. This would lead to the neglecting of organizational long term goals. Thus, a manager with a long term goal of improved return on investment but with a sales division short term goal of number of user complaints per month and percentage variation from budgets will focus only on reducing the percentage variation from budgets thereby maligning the chances of improving the ROI. This might mean inferior sales strategies that would result in a drop in sales figures which have negative effects on the ROI. Conclusion Theoretically, observing the controllability principle in responsibility accounting has been perceived to have its advantages and disadvantages to the organization. The definition of the controllability principle indicates that there is a clear distinction between controllable and uncontrollable factors. This distinction supposedly makes it easy to observe in responsibility accounting. However, empirical studies reveal that organizations do not fully observe the controllability principle. Findings indicate that there is some sort of continuum that has controllable factors on one end and uncontrollable factors on the other end with varying degrees of control in between. Studies also show that some managers do not see themselves on either end of the continuum but somewhere in the middle. This means that strict observance of the controllability principle is impractical. Choudhury (1986) argues that the responsibility accounting concept should not be hindered by controllability and that it should be interpreted independently of controllability. Moreover, controllability should be defined contingent upon the contexts of the organization. McNally (1980) also argues that controllability can be applied in a modified version. Recent literature also indicates that organizations tend to hold managers for factors that they can influence rather than factors that they can control. This lies somewhere between controllable factors and uncontrollable factors on the controllability continuum. Giraud et al (2008) refer to this as the influencable factors. In addition, the interdependencies of organizations blur the lines separating controllability and other sub-systems in the responsibility accounting system (Hirst, 1983) as well as the uncertainties of the organizational environment. Consequently, I would argue that strict observance of the controllability principle is unrealistic. The modification and the re-definition of the controllability principle is a gradual shift away from the premise of the controllability principle. The difference between controllable and uncontrollable factors is lacking in clarity as regards modern organizations. It also does not align well with the structure of modern day organizations. Similarly, factors that can be influenced today might not be influenced the next day or next operating period because of the unpredictability of the environments of the organizations. Besides, can the ability to influence an event be measured and to what extent can it be measured?

Essay --

Morgan Phelps Phelps 1 Mr. Pickett Period 3 March 14, 2014 Many people don’t realize that women have never been fully respected and taken serious. Women all around have never been treated equal or given the same responsibilities as men because of their gender. Women in this country and many others, have not been given the right to vote. They have never been fully respected in the workplace by their co-workers or employers. Women have not always been given the freedom in their professional choices.They again have never been free to be who they want to be in life.There is all kinds of things that women can not do because of their gender but things are slowly changing for the better. Unlike most men, women have not always been given the opportunity to vote. Before the 1920’s women were not allowed to vote (www.history.com). Rarely did you ever see women who had a job.The average daily life of a women would consist of cooking, cleaning and taking care of the kids. They had no say in anything and did what their husbands told them to do. It was not only like this in the United States, but other Phelps 2 places, like Canada and New Zealand (teacher.scholastic.com). Women lived like this until a group of women wanted a change. There was one women who went above and beyond to get equality for all women. This women was Susan B. Anthony. She was raised in a Quaker family (believed in equal rights for men and women) and supported the women’s rights movement. She did everything in her power to grant equality. Anthony casts ballots and even came up with a Declaration of Rights for Women (World Book, Women’s Rights to Vote). She was devote... ...gh they did the same amount of work as the men. There is still some of that in today’s society but women are standing up for equal pay and slowly gaining it. They were also told they could not be whatever they wanted to be just because of their gender. They also said that they were not qualified enough, only men could do that job. Women have stepped up and gotten the job they have always wanted. There is still inequality but the world is Phelps 7 realizing that women and men are all equal and discrimination is not the answer. Women have truly changed our world and our lives forever. www.biography.com www.brainyquote.com www.history.com www.huffingtonpost.com www.scholastic.com www.summer.harvard.com teacher.scholastic.com www.wgea.gov.eu Women’s Right to Vote, World Book www.ourdocuments.com

Effects of Mass Media

During the last century there have been many developments in the evolution of media. The biggest probably being computers and the internet. Computers used to be just giant, chunky, boxes with a screen, a keyboard, and a mouse. They were slow as a snail and the graphics were not of the best quality. Now a days, we have slim and sleek screens that can be completely touch censored, and voice typing. As well as faster performance and processing, high-definition and high quality graphics. The internet has gone from a slow dial-up connection to now being wireless with extremely fast connections and now people can connect to the web from almost anywhere in the world thanks to Wi-fi, iPads, laptops, tablets and smart phones. Smart phones are the new and improved versions of the not so impressive cell phones from the past centuries. What used to be basic buttons and screen flip phones are now slim touch-screened phones. Today’s cell phones, or as they are now called smart phones, can take high quality photos and videos. They are also capable of downloading applications, or apps, that allow the user to play high graphic games, watch television and movies. As well as have face-to-face video chatting, text messaging and email. Now all of these changes have greatly influenced not only the American culture, but the entire world. The high speeds of the internet have made keeping in touch with friends and family simple and fast, thanks to text messaging and emails. Social networking sites, such as Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace, are a great way to stay in touch. These sites allow users to post status updates, upload albums worth of pictures and videos, as well as plan events and send out invites. An educational game used by children on computers, tablets and smart phones gives the chance to begin learning at a young age while having fun at the same time. The portability of these devices is great for on the go learning. Barcode scanners on smart phone weight loss apps, allow users to gain more information on food items and gives the opportunity to make healthier food choices when shopping for groceries. Fitness apps also help users keep track of workouts and set alarm reminders to workout, as well as view videos and tips on how to properly perform exercises. Online purchases make shopping a breeze, people can browse products online, add them to a virtual shopping cart and by just typing in their credit card information they have made their purchase. This ability creates an easier lifestyle for those that have issues with driving and walking. Media convergence, or a process by which previously distant technologies come to share tasks and resources, can be thanked for all these great changes. Basically what media convergence is is traditional media combining with emerging media. A good example of this would be the ability for cell phones to not only take high quality pictures and videos but the opportunity to share them online. Henry Jenkins a media theorist suggested that there are five different forms of media convergence. Economic convergence which is when one company uses many different forms of media, something such as a business using commercials, radio and online adds to sell their products. Secondly we have cultural convergence, or when news and information pass along through things such as social networking sites, blogs, television, and newspapers. This allows users to comment their own opinions and information. Global convergence involves geographically distant cultures that are able to influence each other. Technological convergence is the merging of different technologies, such as the cell phones new abilities that was discussed earlier. Lastly would be organic convergence, or multimedia multitasking, and the natural outcome of the media world. Due to today’s society being highly dependent on media as it is our main source of communication and other life necessities, the ability to process media messages, or media literacy, is a very important skill to obtain. From a very early age we are all exposed to media and being a media literate person allows one to chance to interpret these messages in their own way and form their own opinion in this media lead society. As you can see media is a wildly used resource all over the world and as it continues to advance and grow with each century, there is no way of knowing just how far things will go with the power of media and knowledge.

Raising Children in Two Different Cultures Essay Example

Raising Children in Two Different Cultures Essay Example Raising Children in Two Different Cultures Essay Raising Children in Two Different Cultures Essay Within Indian cultures, parents take the time they have to raise their children and this tend to have greater impact on their children’s lives in today’s world. American parents are more lenient when it comes to raising their children and result of this leads to the children becoming involve in some deviant behavior at times. While in the Indian culture the raising of children involves much bond and discipline, in the American culture, bonding and discipline has little impact of the raising of children. In Indian cultures, the importance of family bonding, as well as values, help the child to grow up in a way that they can respect what they have. Indian families live in close villages or in extended families so there is the ability to bond with cousins, grandparents and other family members. Children who bond with extended family members will always have that extra loving so they will not feel neglected. In Indian cultures, the arrangement of marriages is done for their children; this happens so that parents can have control over what is happening in their children’s life. They learn to have a sense of appreciation and the desire to waste is less. They do not have a huge variety of clothing so they are learned to make adequate usage of what they own. Within Indian cultures, parents use a form of authoritarian discipline in the raising of their children. Indian parents provide strict rules and regulations for their children. These children are not asked to do something, for example, their chores, they are told what they are suppose to do around the house. Indian children are not given the opportunity to make their own decisions. Indian parents decide what occupation their children will have and also where there will go to further their education. Indian children has little freedom of action or movement. These children usually have to go to temple when their parents tell them to and they do not display any form of dissatisfaction. When they are given the opportunity to be with friends they make the best out of it and they make sure they follow the correct instructions from their parents and they make sure they do not deviate. On the other hand, in American cultures family bonding as well as values are ot strongly used to assist in the raising of children. Extended families are not in close proximity to the children so a child cannot build that family bond. This occurs because America is so big so a child seldom sees extended family. American parents are not always intimately aware that they children are in relationships. As a result, parents become unaware so children sometimes end up with unwanted pregnancie s or in a domestic relationship. American children have the advantage of having much food and clothing and are unaware that the under privileged has so little. Being that clothing and food is not as expensive as other parents of the world, American children would place their parents under financial pressures in order to get what they want, for example, a pair of Nike Airmax shoes to wear to the mall when they already have three other pairs that can be given to the less fortunate but instead they through them away. In American cultures, parents use a form of permissive disciplinary techniques which employ little or no discipline. American parents are more lenient in providing rules and regulations. They often leave their children with chores to do and end up coming back to do the same chores which they leaved for their children to do. Also, these American children have the opportunity to make their own decisions. They can decide what they what profession they want to go into and decide which school they would go to further their education. However, they consult their parents and they get their opinion but all the decisions on exactly what they do are freely done by them. Parents in America allow their children to go out with friends where they can have some free time. These parents believe that children should not spend all their time in the home so they allow them to go to the movies, mall or any other places where young people go. Unlike American cultures where parents are not aware of some of the occurrences in their children’s life’s, Indian cultures usually take the time to raise their children in a more religious manner, also their children have good discipline which they need to be successful in today’s society. American parents should adapt the Indian parents techniques to assist with the raising of their children so they children would have the correct form of discipline.

Slims Table Sociology Paper essays

Slims Table Sociology Paper essays An Honest Look Into The Life Of A Working Class Black Person Slims Table, written by Mitchell Duneier has been called a true stereotype buster due to its content in which it truthfully examines the lifestyles of working class black men. The book is designed to break the common misconceptions imbedded in a majority of peoples minds over how a black man lives his life and why he in a sense does what he does, thinks what he thinks, and acts the way he acts. Prior to the writing of this book by Duneier, there were many common stereotypes of a working class black man, which often caused negative attitudes towards them. Although many of them are still existent and quiet prevalent, Duneier sought to try and break these misconceptions in hopes to try and bridge the gap, which has for so long been expanding between blacks and whites. Slims Table, appears to be written in a two-fold manner, in that Duneier tries to explain and debunk two different, yet equally important ideologies that have long since been associated to the black working class. Duneier tries to show the solidarity of the black working class with the way he presents the book, however, there is an underlying tone in which he is trying to show that the black race, in particular the struggling working class, Is in no way hopelessly wrecked by the power of white privilege or racism. He tries to debunk the unfortunate and yet demoralizing caricatures that for so long have been placed upon the heads of the black working class, with such associations as poor, uneducated, unskilled and probably the most negative of all, useless. Yet, it is the manner in which he manages to bring all of this out, which is most impressing. He remains quite unassuming and appearingly non-subjective, yet he is stating his points and supporting them all the way through the bo ok. The setting for Slims Table primarily takes place in...

Globalization Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Globalization - Term Paper Example Arab Maghreb union consists of five states such as Tunisia, morocco, Algeria Libya and Mauritania all from North Africa. The five members signed a treaty to enhance stability and tranquility in the region coupled with superior coordination of policies that have mutual benefits. Additionally, the other major agreement among those states in the union is to enhance free trade that would improve their economic stability. Another key aspect that could boost trade in AMU is establishment of joint projects and other economic programs that could make the AMU members to be competitive in the world market (The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Para. 1-5). AMU and European Union (EU) are similar in that their aims are to improve the economic status of their respective members by making regulations that will enhance effective trade. However, difference between the two unions is visible because AMU is a free trade area while EU is a customs union (Shafeeq Para. 16-19: Hannan Para.1-5). In conclusion, trade unions have benefited much in boosting the world’s economy as they have assisted to eliminate the barriers of trade that barred economic growth. AMU and EU are perfect examples of trade unions with the two unions exhibiting same objectives but they have different policies. Hannan, Daniel. The EU is Not a Free Trade Area but a Customs Union: Until We Understand the Difference, the Debate about Our Membership is Meaningless. 5 Feb. 2014. Web. 5 Feb. 2014.

Principles of Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Principles of Leadership - Essay Example Development of the appropriate mental model for leadership is thus important. Means to develop an appropriate mental model were also uncovered in classroom practical discussions. I intend using the knowledge gained from these sessions to act as a guideline in developing the appropriate mental model for enhancing leadership skills in me. In addition, Northhouse 2010 provides two key ingredients of leadership, which are behavioural abilities and diagnostic abilities. The essence of successful leadership lies in selecting strategies that are practical than rather leaning on idealistic goals. In this lies the importance of the evaluation of behavioural abilities and the diagnostic abilities of the leader (Whetten & Cameron 2011). Classroom discussions have arrived at the conclusion that the important factors of evaluation of the group environment gives vital clues to the leader on what can be achieved based on the communication structures in an organization, which may not be at idealisti c levels. In such a scenario, a potential leader has the necessary information to develop realistic strategies to decrease the variance between the actual situation and an ideal situation. In short, it is this diagnostic ability that allows a leader to mould behaviour in an organization to get as close as what the ideal situation needs to be (Bennis 2007). The ability to choose the required behavioural abilities provides a leader with the greater chance of achieving this objective (Zaccaro 2007). Based on this understanding of development of leadership skills, I have evolved the following strategies towards development of leadership skills in me: Work with a leadership guru. - find someone whom I feel confident with and learn from him/her. It is my belief that these interactions will open my horizon to new experiences and ideas. Invite opinions and accept criticisms. Look for other people eager to give direct, truthful, decisive opinions or criticisms. I should look for opinions fro m a multitude of viewpoints and be willing to accept them. Be compassionate. Be an attentive listener. I should create an approachable impression, so that people around me will not be hesitant to raise their concerns. Persevere to gain the integral leadership features in any way possible. I should strive to possess the ‘axioms of effective leadership’ such as healthy attitude, moral worth, and so on. Personal Development Plan I have chosen to use the SMART principles in my personal development plan. I have been moved to this decision by the purposeful statement of Battley, 2006, 127, â€Å"The SMART method is an old workhorse that remains effective, based on proven principles of adult learning.† As far as leadership is concerned SMART stands for Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time bound objectives (Dennis & Meola, 2009, 38). SMART principles in tabular form provided as Appendix – 1. What do these mean in real terms? Specific stands for det ailed and concise objectives. Measurable is quantifiable objectives. Achievable are realistic and feasible objectives. Relevant is for high value and desirable objectives and time bound means that the objectives do not stretch into infinity (Battley, 2006, 127). Specific Objectives The specific objectives that I have chosen for my leadership development plan are skills for evaluating the behavioural culture in a group of